matematicas visuales visual math

Normal distribution

The Normal distribution was studied by Gauss. This is a continuous random variable (the variable can take any real value). The density function is shaped like a bell.

Two parameters determine a normal distribution: the mean and the standard deviation. The higher the standard deviation the greater the variable dispersion.

The normal distribution is symmetrical in relation to the mean.

The mean is represented by a triangle than can be seen as a point of equilibrium. By dragging it we can modify the mean. We can get the same effect moving the point at the top of the curve.

Dragging the other point on the curve (which is one of the two inflexion points of the curve) we modify the standard deviation.

We can see the accumulative distribution function and how it change by modifiyng the mean (simple translation) and the standard deviation (reflecting greater or lesser dispersion of the variable).

The gray dots control the vertical and horizontal scales. By pressing the right button and dragging we can move left and right.

REFERENCES

George Marsaglia's article Evaluating the Normal Distribution.

LINKS

One, two and three standar deviations
One, two and three standar deviations
One important property of normal distributions is that if we consider intervals centered on the mean and a certain extent proportional to the standard deviation, the probability of these intervals is constant regardless of the mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution considered.
Calculating probabilities in Normal distributions
Calculating probabilities in Normal distributions
It may be interesting to familiarize ourselves with the probabilities correspondig to different intervals in normal distributions.
Binomial distribution
Binomial distribution
When modeling a situation where there are n independent trials with a constant probability p of success in each test we use a binomial distribution.
Normal approximation to Binomial distribution
Normal approximation to Binomial distribution
In some cases, a Binomial distribution can be approximated by a Normal distribution with the same mean and variance.
Poisson distribution
Poisson distribution
Poisson distribution is discrete (like the binomial) because the values that can take the random variable are natural numbers, although in the Poisson distribution all the possible cases are theoretically infinite.
Student's t-distributions
Student's t-distributions
Student's t-distributions were studied by William Gosset(1876-1937) when working with small samples.
Calculating probabilities in t Student distributions (Spanish)